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One object sums up The Bauhaus (1919-1933). Marianne Brandt’s silver tea infuser (c1924). It is stripped of ornament (‘less is more’); beauty derives from form and materials. It’s not a mere gewgaw, it works. The spout doesn’t drip. ‘Bauhaus was a revolution in the relationship between arts and crafts, aesthetics and functions’ – Norman Foster (2019). Its roots are in Ruskin, William Morris, Vienna’s Wiener Werkstätte – and the Dutch De Stijl movement (1917-31). De Stijl (The Style) was born Read More

REMBRANDT’s life could be a Hollywood drama. But unlike Van Gogh, who was ignored, Rembrandt was lionised. His studio was for years a beacon for pompous burghers, the rich, the elite. Apprentices paid him handsomely for the privilege of his teaching. Rembrandt’s etchings sold in thousands. He exploited, even manipulated, their market. If he was revered for his paintings, for their mastery of light and expression (and for the power of his drawings) the etchings – shorn of the tactile Read More

‘Thank God, I have done my duty.’ Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar VICE-ADMIRAL Horatio, Viscount Nelson (1758-1805), remains Britain’s supreme naval hero.  His boyhood in North Norfolk, where his father was a churchman, brought him close to those who lived hard lives at sea, the basis of his profound empathy with the lot of those who fought below decks.  He was deeply influenced by his strong-minded mother, who bore 8 children (he was the third of five Read More

When I was their age I could draw like Raphael, but it took me a lifetime to learn to draw like them.’ Pablo Picasso, on child art. PABLO PICASSO (1881-1973) painted Les Demoiselles d’Avignon in 1907. It changed art forever. Five naked sex workers in a Barcelona brothel confront in angular menace, with faces like African masks. It derives from Gauguin, from Cézanne’s brazen nudes, from the directness of Velázquez and Las Meninas (1656). Art evolves, even revolutionary art steals Read More

WHEN THE ENGLISH AESTHETE William Beckford arrived in Venice in 1780, he noted that ‘Canaletto conveys so perfect an idea’ of the city that any description was ‘superfluous’. Canaletto caught the ‘idea’ of Venice, caught its peeling grandeur, the bustle of canals; he rendered in exquisite detail the precision and frippery of ornament, of gondolas, of arch and architrave. A contemporary painter, Marchesini, wrote that Canaletto’s work ‘astounds everyone… you can see the sun shining in it.’  CANALETTO (Giovanni Antonio Read More

Length: 882.5 feet Gross tonnage: 46,329 tons Service speed: 21 knots Top speed: 24 knots Complement: 2208 (maiden voyage) First-class: 324 Second-class: 285 Third-class: 708 Crew: 891 Survived: 705 (estimate) Died: 1523 Titanic began her maiden voyage to New York from Southampton on April 10, 1912. At 11:39 p.m. (ship’s time) on the night of 14 April, while travelling at a speed of 22.5 knots, her lookouts saw an iceberg dead ahead less than half a mile away, and alerted Read More

HOW DID THE WEIRD DESIGNS OF THE COURT CARDS COME TO BE (WITH THEIR SEMI-CIRCLES AND DIAGONALS)? Are they based on real people? There are lots of myths and they are mostly bollocks. The cards do not represent Caesar or Charlemagne. Or particular kings and queens (they are generic). Nor the seasons. The King of Hearts is not the ‘Suicide King’. The king may appear to stab himself (he originally held an axe) but it’s a feature of early French Read More

CRIME HAS ALWAYS BEEN POPULAR. In George Orwell’s essay Decline of the English Murder (1946) he pictures a chap on a Sunday afternoon. ‘The wife is already asleep in the armchair… You put your feet up on the sofa and open the News of the World. Roast beef and Yorkshire… have put you in just the right mood. Your pipe is drawing sweetly, the fire is well alight… In these blissful circumstances, what is it that you want to read Read More

JOAN MIRÓ (1893-1983) was a contradiction: a bohemian in attitude but who dressed as a businessman at the easel; taciturn and sober, he belied his playful artistic style, his rejection of the commercial. He was ‘utterly free of disorder or excess’ said a friend. Miró was a quiet iconoclast, contemptuous of much conventional painting. By upsetting the visual elements in art he declared an ‘assassination of painting’. He loathed any surrender to the diktats of dealers. He was distressed by Read More

ANYTHING GOES A brief history of the musical ‘No legs, no jokes, no chance!’ The famous quote was plain wrong. The show in question – the 1943 pre-Broadway premiere of Away We Go – was a strange subject for an entertainment: a story about feuding cattlemen and farmers out West in 1906, that includes a gruesome killing. Such violence was not the stuff of the usual froth (London’s theatreland was once called ‘an asylum for American inanity’). When it opened Read More

The Golden Age of VENETIAN PAINTING VENICE was ‘this strange dream upon the water’ to Dickens. Petrarch called it ‘another world.’ The more cynical Thomas Mann said it was ‘half fairytale and half tourist trap’. Refugees, escaping from the barbarians in the 5th century, established a city on numerous small islands in the Lagoon, with canals as arteries and the sea as defence. The relics of St. Mark were smuggled to Venice in the 9th century, a prestigious shrine (second Read More

Giambattista Tiepolo and the Grand Manner Ideal ‘A painter’s mind must always aim at the sublime, the heroic and for perfection.’ So said Giambattista Tiepolo (1696-1770). He is the master of the Grand Manner. He may have lived in the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment, but his art is pure theatre. There is nothing rational about it, nothing worldly. His paintings are poetic masterpieces of colour: sensual, magical. Caravaggio’s martyr or saint looks like the bloke next door; Tiepolo Read More

Modigliani said to me time and again that he wanted a short but intense life. Jacques Lipchitz, 1954 AMEDEO MODIGLIANI (1884-1920) got his wish. He died of tuberculosis, aged 35, in Paris. But his health was shattered by drink and drugs. Yet in that ‘short but intense life’ he created sculptures and figurative paintings of classical beauty. His life was almost a caricature of the bohemian artist in novels and opera: consumptive, subversive, poetic (‘I never met a painter who Read More

Édouard Manet saw the paintings by Velázquez in the Prado and was awed. ‘He is the painter of painters,’ he wrote, ‘he has astonished me, he has ravished me.’ You can feel what Manet felt if you go to Rome’s Palazzo Doria Pamphilj. In a small room are two masterpieces, both created around 1650: one a sculpted bust by Bernini; the other a painting by Velázquez (while on his second visit to Rome). They are of Pope Innocent X. Their Read More

RAPHAEL (1483-1520), so his biographer Vasari tells us, died aged only 37 of too much sex. This unlikely scenario does however tell us something about the man. He was passionate. He was beguiling. The coquettish woman in La Fornarina (his mistress?) holds a bare breast while pointing at an armband bearing his name, as if she belonged to Raphael. Her sidelong eyes seem to share a joke.  Unlike his tormented rivals, Michelangelo and Leonardo, he had no repressed or unrepressed Read More